Health

Analyzing MicroRNAs' Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases | Tecnalia

By Alberta Herman

October 19, 2024

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In recent years, the world has seen a significant increase in neurodegenerative diseases due to an aging population. To combat this escalating health crisis, our genetics laboratory is vigorously engaged in projects examining the role of microRNAs in these diseases. MicroRNAs are small genetic regulators that influence gene expression and therefore play crucial roles in various biological processes. 
 
The work we do aims not only to advance our understanding of these debilitating disorders but also contribute towards personalized medicine's implementation. Personalized medicine refers to tailoring treatments and therapies according to each patient's unique genetic characteristics. By adopting such an approach, we hope for improved quality of life for those affected by neurodegenerative pathologies while fostering a healthier society better equipped against the challenges posed by aging. 
 
MicroRNA research was recently recognized, with Victor Ambros and Gary Ruvkun receiving the 2024 Nobel Prize in Medicine for their discovery of these tiny RNA molecules. These molecules have revolutionized biomedical research due to their pivotal role in gene regulation. 
 
This recognition underscores how critical microRNAs are, as they hold colossal potential therapeutic value given that more than a thousand microRNAs encoded within human genomes have been linked with diverse pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease. 
 
Our team is investigating how these diminutive yet powerful regulatory entities impact gene expression implicated directly or indirectly in neurodegenerative maladies' onset or progression. Understanding this will provide clarity on the biological processes involved, which could pave the way for innovative prevention strategies, diagnostic tools, or even cures. 
 
For instance, if certain microRNAs can be identified as instrumental influencers prompting abnormal protein accumulation—a hallmark feature observed across several types of dementia—then targeting such specific microRNA expressions could potentially halt further protein buildup, hence slowing down disease progression significantly. 
 
We aim through our work at demystifying what triggers off pathological developments leading up to different forms of dementia, thereby aiding us in developing precision medicines. These are treatments tailored to each patient's genetic makeup, optimizing therapeutic benefits while minimizing potential side effects. 
 
The future of medicine lies in personalization; understanding the role of microRNAs in neurodegenerative diseases is a crucial step towards this goal. The awarding of the Nobel Prize to Ambros and Ruvkun underscores the importance and potential impact of our current research focus. 
 
Our laboratory remains committed to contributing significantly within this exciting realm, aiming at not only unraveling mysteries behind these complex disorders but also innovating personalized therapies that could considerably enhance affected individuals' quality of life. 
 
In conclusion, as we continue delving into microRNA's roles in neurodegenerative diseases, we remain hopeful about positively impacting health outcomes for those suffering from these conditions. Our work symbolizes a beacon guiding us towards a healthier society better equipped against aging-related challenges.

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